According to the Bank of Canada’s Methods-of-Payment (MOP) surveys in recent years, more than 80% of retail consumer purchases in Canada occur at physical locations.1 This suggests that such ...

The new $5 note will enter circulation only after the issuance of the next $20 note in early 2027. In the meantime, our ...

Governor Tiff Macklem reflects on the lessons learned from the pandemic and its aftermath and outlines how the Bank is ...

We’re taking steps to better understand the impacts of climate change on the economy and to reduce our environmental footprint.

In his year-end remarks, Governor Tiff Macklem discusses what the Bank of Canada learned from the pandemic experience and ...

We investigate the macroeconomic impacts of mothballed businesses—those that closed temporarily—on sectoral equilibrium prices after a negative demand shock. Our results suggest that pandemic fiscal ...

We find that foreign central banks own a large share of Government of Canada (GoC) bonds and tend to hold their positions for longer than other types of asset managers. This buy-and-hold behaviour ...